The article highlights notable contributors to CSS blogging, emphasizing their innovative approaches and contributions to the web development community.

CSS still gives me the warm fuzzies sometimes. We ve gotten so many amazing CSS features the past few years, that each alone makes me happy. But when those features are combined, I m often stunned and get thinking about how we re only scratching the surface of what is to come. Take a new demo by Adam []

Chris’ Corner: Gold Star CSS Bloggers

"Web Components Now & Gold Star CSS Tips Inside!"

In the latest edition of Frontend Weekly, delve into the evolution of the Elm programming language with a year-in-review analysis, examining the community's dynamic activities throughout 2023. Celebrating CSS's innovative voices, Chris' Corner brings attention to exceptional CSS bloggers and their contributions. The significance of web components is underscored as they shape the present landscape of web development with rapid adoption and transformative application potential. Gain valuable insights into impactful platforms and tools within the developer community, and explore the comprehensive guide on CSS logical properties, offering an intuitive approach to layout management. The edition also provides a detailed comparison between BabyAGI and AutoGPT, highlighting their capabilities in various AI projects. Additionally, discover the new HTML popover attribute to enhance user interactions and explore the best Node.js frameworks for developing modern applications.

Explore the latest in frontend development: Elm's 2023 highlights, CSS innovators, the current impact of web components, top Node.js frameworks, and more. Stay updated with expert insights and emerging tools shaping the web today.

Issue %%issue_number%%

This article explores the integration of Mapbox with React for web-based mapping solutions, emphasizing the advantages of using these technologies to create dynamic and interactive map applications.

Maps on the Web Using React and Mapbox

This week's Frontend Weekly newsletter presents a range of insightful articles and resources for web developers. Key highlights include an in-depth exploration of integrating Mapbox with React for creating dynamic web-based maps, and a guide on implementing lazy loading for images in ReactJS to boost performance and user experience. Chris’ Corner delivers valuable insights on font size, document hierarchy, and dialog elements in web design, alongside a look at how tech video content is evolving to be more concise and effective. For WordPress enthusiasts, there's a review of essential plugins for 2024 that promise enhanced website functionality and performance. Additionally, a feature on Hyperplexed Videos offers creative and educational coding content. Designers can elevate their projects with the recommended top Figma animation plugins. Finally, developers can expand their skills with a comprehensive guide on constructing a landing page using a React template.

This issue covers integrating Mapbox with React for interactive maps, improving ReactJS performance with lazy loading, and Chris' insights on web design elements. It also highlights key WordPress plugins for 2024 and concise tech video trends while offering top Figma animation plugins for designers.

Explore 10 free certifications that provide the essential skills and recognition for anyone interested in advancing their frontend development expertise.

Hello everyone. Today I am going to share 10 FREE certificates that will level up your web game. Whether you ' re just starting or you ' re already a pro, these certificates tell everyone that you ' re a web warrior with serious skills.  HTML + CSS Certificates 1. Introduction to Front-End Development What You ' ll Learn: This course helps you start from scratch and introduces you to important web tools. This course will also discuss the main points and advantages of a free beginning study in front-end development providing a solid foundation in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, etc so you can speed up your front-end learning. Link: https: //www. Simplilearn. Com/front-end-developer-free-course-skillup 2. Front-End Development - HTML What You ' ll Learn: Learn the basics of HTML to kickstart your web journey. Link: https: //www. Mygreatlearning. Com/academy/learn-for-free/courses/front-end-development-html 3. CSS Essential Training What You ' ll Learn: Get hands-on with CSS to make your websites look awesome. Link: https: //www. Linkedin. Com/learning/css-essential-training-revision-q4-2019  JavaScript Certificates 4. Introduction to JavaScript What You ' ll Learn: Learn the basics of the JavaScript language and understand where to use it, such as implementing statements, operators, data types, and functions, through demonstrations. Link: https: //www. Mygreatlearning. Com/academy/learn-for-free/courses/introduction-to-javascript 5. Learn Javascript Basics What You ' ll Learn: Gain skills to build simple programs and customize web pages. Link: https: //www. Simplilearn. Com/learn-javascript-basics-free-course-skillup 6. JavaScript Algorithms and Data Structures What You ' ll Learn: Have fun with variables, arrays, and making your computer do cool tricks. Link: https: //www. Freecodecamp. Org/learn/javascript-algorithms-and-data-structures/ ️ JavaScript Skills Certification Tests 7. JavaScript Skills Certification Test (Basic) What You ' ll Be Tested On: Basic JavaScript knowledge like functions, scope, and events. Link: https: //www. Hackerrank. Com/skills-verification/javascript_basic 8. JavaScript Skills Certification Test (Intermediate) What You ' ll Be Tested On: Tackle tougher stuff like design patterns and memory management. Link: https: //www. Hackerrank. Com/skills-verification/javascript_intermediate ⚛️ React JS Certificates 9. React JS for Beginners What You ' ll Learn: Create a React App and become a React pro. Link: https: //www. Mygreatlearning. Com/academy/learn-for-free/courses/react-js-tutorial 10. React Essential Training What You ' ll Learn: Set up React tools, create components, and use React Hooks. Link: https: //www. Linkedin. Com/learning/react-js-essential-training-14836121  Bonus Tip: Did you know that many designers use a fantastic tool called Figma to create blueprints for websites and apps? As a frontend developer, it ' s super helpful to know how to work with Figma. If you don ' t, you might fall behind in modern coding projects. So, don ' t wait! Sign up for Figma now and play around with it before your colleagues or boss blame you.  Sign Up for Figma ✨ Gear up Each certificate and skill you acquire is like adding a new tool to your superhero utility belt. So, gear up, web warrior! The internet awaits your awesome creations, and prove them wrong by showing your coding skills. My Socials: Linkedin | X Stay tuned for more valuable content, and if you find it helpful, you may also like my YouTube channel. Feel free to ask me any questions in the comment section. I am ready to help you. Thanks for reading.

10 FREE Frontend Developer Certificates😎

This week's 'Frontend Weekly' newsletter is packed with resources and insights for aspiring and seasoned frontend developers. Discover 10 free certifications that can boost your frontend development skills and credentials. For those looking to broaden their horizons, an in-depth guide on building a full-stack social media app is available, utilizing modern web technologies to enhance your development expertise. On a lighter note, delve into a playful reflection on developer identity with 'I think the web is broken, or I am,' offering a quirky tech metaphor. Designers can explore over 30 free mockup websites to find resources that boost creativity and accessibility. Additionally, learn about the F-shape reading pattern that users follow on digital interfaces, and see how it can influence web design strategies. Developers interested in user interaction can explore the integration of image-to-text and text-to-speech models, while those focused on data visualization might find the article on crafting interactive scatter plots with Plotly invaluable. Lastly, for developers seeking to upgrade their practices, detailed guidance on upgrading to Nuxt 4 is provided, ensuring you leverage the latest features and benefits.

This 'Frontend Weekly' edition highlights 10 free frontend developer certificates, a guide to building a full-stack social media app, and insights into the F-shape pattern in web design. Also, explore Plotly for data visualization and get tips on upgrading to Nuxt 4.

This article explores the creation of a landing page using Three.js and shader programming, providing detailed steps and examples to enhance web development skills with 3D graphics.

Three. Js is a good framework to make a landing page with 3D object &amp; visual effecting. This is a function to render 3D text with shader programming. Let AddText = (scene, font, fontsize, position, text) =&gt; { let vTxShader=` varying vec3 vWorldPosition; varying vec4 fragCoord; varying vec2 vUv; uniform vec3 iResolution; uniform float iTime; varying vec4 fragColor; uniform float iFontsize; uniform vec3 iPosition; #define PI 3. 14159265358979 #define P2 6. 28318530717959 float Pow5 (float x) { return x*x * x*x * x; } float saturate(float x) { return max(0. , min(1. , x)); } vec3 F_Schlick1(float u, vec3 f0, float f90) { return f0 + (vec3(f90) - f0) * pow(1. 0 - u, 5. 0); } float F_Schlick2(float u, float f0) { float f = pow(1. 0 - u, 5. 0); return f + f0 * (1. 0 - f); } vec3 F_Schlick(vec3 f0, float f90, float u) { return f0 + (f90 - f0) * exp2((-5. 55473f * u - 6. 98316f) * u); //native_powr(1. F - u, 5. F); } float Fr_DisneyDiffuse(float NdotV, float NdotL, float LdotH, float linearRoughness) { float energyBias = mix(0. , 0. 5, linearRoughness); float energyFactor = mix(1. 0, 1. 0 / 1. 51, linearRoughness); float fd90 = energyBias + 2. 0 * LdotH*LdotH * linearRoughness; vec3 f0 = vec3(1. 0f, 1. 0f, 1. 0f); float lightScatter = F_Schlick(f0, fd90, NdotL). R; float viewScatter = F_Schlick(f0, fd90, NdotV). R; return lightScatter * viewScatter * energyFactor; } float DisneyDiffuse(float NdotV, float NdotL, float LdotH, float perceptualRoughness) { float fd90 = 0. 5 + 2. * LdotH * LdotH * perceptualRoughness; // Two schlick fresnel term float lightScatter = (1. + (fd90 - 1.) * Pow5(1. - NdotL)); float viewScatter = (1. + (fd90 - 1.) * Pow5(1. - NdotV)); return lightScatter * viewScatter; } float ggxNormalDistribution(float NdotH, float roughness) { float a2 = roughness * roughness; float d = ((NdotH * a2 - NdotH) * NdotH + 1.); return a2 / (d * d * PI); } float ggxSchlickMaskingTerm(float NdotL, float NdotV, float roughness) { float GGXV = NdotL * sqrt(NdotV * NdotV * (1. 0 - roughness) + roughness); float GGXL = NdotV * sqrt(NdotL * NdotL * (1. 0 - roughness) + roughness); float G = 0. 5/(GGXV + GGXL); return G; } vec3 schlickFresnel(vec3 f0, float lDotH) { return f0 + (vec3(1. 0f, 1. 0f, 1. 0f) - f0) * pow(1. 0f - lDotH, 5. 0f); } float D_GGX(float NoH, float roughness) { float a = NoH * roughness; float k = roughness / (1. 0 - NoH * NoH + a * a); return k * k * (1. 0 / PI); } float V_Kelemen(float LoH) { return 0. 25 / (LoH * LoH); } float Fd_Lambert() { return 1. 0 / PI; } float V_SmithGGXCorrelated(float NoV, float NoL, float roughness) { float a2 = roughness * roughness; float GGXV = NoL * sqrt(NoV * NoV * (1. 0 - a2) + a2); float GGXL = NoV * sqrt(NoL * NoL * (1. 0 - a2) + a2); return 0. 5 / (GGXV + GGXL); } float roughnessValue = 1. 1; vec3 WorldSpaceCameraPos = vec3(0. 1, 0. 8, 0. 8); vec3 lightpos = vec3(0. , 4. , -8.); vec3 baseColor = vec3(0. 9, . 45, . 1); float lightColor = 3. 5; float clearCoat = 0. 5; float transparent =. 8; void main() { vUv = uv; vec4 worldPosition = modelMatrix * vec4(position, 1. 0); vWorldPosition = vec3(-worldPosition. Z, worldPosition. Y, -worldPosition. X); gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4(position, 1. 0); vec3 origin = (vec4(iPosition, 1. 0) * modelMatrix). Xyz + vec3(iFontsize/2. 5, 5. 0, 2. 0); WorldSpaceCameraPos += origin; lightpos += origin; float linearRoughness = roughnessValue * roughnessValue; vec3 normalDirection = normalize(worldPosition. Xyz); vec3 viewDirection = normalize(WorldSpaceCameraPos-worldPosition. Xyz); vec3 lightDirection = normalize(lightpos-worldPosition. Xyz); vec3 halfDirection = normalize(lightDirection + viewDirection); float NdotL = saturate(dot(normalDirection, lightDirection)); float NdotV = saturate(dot(normalDirection, viewDirection)); float VdotH = saturate(dot(viewDirection, halfDirection)); float NdotH = saturate(dot(normalDirection, halfDirection)); float LdotH = saturate(dot(lightDirection, halfDirection)); float diffuse = Fr_DisneyDiffuse(NdotV, NdotL, LdotH, linearRoughness); vec3 diffuseColor = baseColor * diffuse/PI; vec3 F = schlickFresnel(baseColor, LdotH); float D = ggxNormalDistribution(NdotH, linearRoughness); float G = ggxSchlickMaskingTerm(NdotL, NdotV, linearRoughness); vec3 specularReflection = lightColor * baseColor * (F * D * G); float clearCoatPerceptualRoughness = clamp(roughnessValue, 0. 089, 1. 0); float clearCoatRoughness = clearCoatPerceptualRoughness * clearCoatPerceptualRoughness; float f0 = 0. 04; float Dc = D_GGX(NdotH, clearCoatRoughness); float Vc = V_Kelemen(LdotH); float Fc = F_Schlick2(f0, LdotH) * clearCoat; // clear coat strength float Frc = (Dc * Vc) * Fc; vec3 Fd = diffuseColor * Fd_Lambert(); float V = V_SmithGGXCorrelated(NdotV, NdotL, clearCoatRoughness); vec3 Fr = (Dc * V) * F; vec3 CoatColor = baseColor * ((Fd + Fr * (1. 0 - Fc)) * (1. 0 - Fc) + Frc); float alpha = transparent; //baseColor. A; vec3 specularColor = specularReflection; vec4 glassColor = vec4(diffuseColor + specularColor, alpha); fragColor = vec4(diffuseColor, 1. 0); fragColor = vec4(specularReflection, 1. 0); fragColor = glassColor; fragCoord = gl_Position; } `; let fTxShader=` varying vec4 fragColor; void main(void) { gl_FragColor = fragColor; } `; txtMaterial. Push(new THREE. ShaderMaterial({ side: THREE. DoubleSide, uniforms: { iResolution: { value: new THREE. Vector3(window. InnerWidth, window. InnerHeight, 1) }, iTime: { value: time }, iFontsize: { value: fontsize }, iPosition: { value: position } }, vertexShader: vTxShader, fragmentShader: fTxShader })); const textGeometry = new TextGeometry(text, { font: font, size: fontsize, height: fontsize, curveSegments: 20, bevelEnabled: true, bevelThickness: fontsize*. 5, bevelSize: fontsize/10. 0, bevelOffset: 0. 0, bevelSegments: 20 }); var textmesh = new THREE. Mesh(textGeometry, [txtMaterial[txtMaterial. Length-1], txtMaterial[txtMaterial. Length-1]]); textmesh. Position. Set(position. X, position. Y, position. Z); scene. Add(textmesh); textTitle. Push(textmesh); return textmesh; }

Landing page with Three.js & Shader programming

This week's issue of Frontend Weekly brings you a variety of insightful articles and resources to enhance your skills in frontend development. Explore the creation of a landing page using Three.js and shader programming to elevate your web development prowess with 3D graphics. Learn to build and maintain an impressive software engineering portfolio to showcase your skills and projects effectively. Understand the essential skills every front-end developer needs with our guide on tools and foundational knowledge critical for career success. Dive into our comprehensive guide on selecting the best React website builder, offering a detailed comparison of popular tools to make an informed choice. Discover best practices for coding HTML emails that enhance both deliverability and user engagement. Optimize your online store with top WooCommerce plugins aimed at improving functionality and sales efficiency. Gain crucial insights into TypeScript types with our complete guide, and explore advanced responsive design techniques that go beyond traditional CSS media queries. Whether you're looking to strengthen your technical abilities or seeking tools to streamline your development process, this newsletter has something for every frontend developer.

Enhance your frontend skills with articles on 3D graphics using Three.js, essential front-end skills, and the best React website builder. Learn about advanced CSS techniques, TypeScript types, and boosting e-commerce with top WooCommerce plugins. Don't miss out on optimizing your HTML emails for better engagement.

A detailed exploration of programming naming conventions aimed at enhancing code readability and maintaining consistent coding standards.

Naming Conventions for your Variables | Stackademic Naming conventions in programming serve as essential for writing clear, readable, and maintainable code. Following naming standards consistently increases code readability, promotes developer… blog. Stackademic. Com

Comprehensive Guide to Programming Naming Conventions

Unlock Frontend Secrets: SSR, CSS & More! 🚀

This week's Frontend Weekly highlights a range of exciting topics in web development. Discover Pagepro, a company excelling in frontend and React development services, aiming to boost digital presence and performance. Take a deep dive into the useCallback hook within React, where you'll learn about its concepts and practical uses. Uncover the comprehensive methodology for testing hundreds of landing pages to optimize performance and engagement. Understand the differences and significance of Server-Side Rendering (SSR) and Static Site Generation (SSG) in modern web development. Explore Shelly WC, a revolutionary tool simplifying the usage of web components for developers. Gain insights into programming naming conventions that promote code readability and consistency. Learn about the @import rule in CSS, understanding its pros and cons. Finally, enhance your design skills with Penpot's CSS Grid Layout, equipping you with the tools to create dynamic web layouts effortlessly.

This week's Frontend Weekly features insights on React's useCallback hook, SSR vs. SSG in web dev, and a new tool, Shelly WC, for easier web component use. Plus, explore testing methods for landing pages, CSS @import rule, and CSS Grid Layout with Penpot.

The article provides a comprehensive guide for backend developers on selecting the appropriate web application color schemes, emphasizing analytical approaches and practical tips for effective decision-making.

Choosing a color scheme can feel tricky for backend developers who don’t usually focus on design. If you’ve ever struggled with picking colors for a client project or personal app, here’s a practical way to simplify it. Step 1: Start With the Industry A website’s colors often connect to its logo, and the logo usually reflects the business type. That means you can narrow down your color choices by first identifying the industry. Step 2: Build a Reference Sheet Open Excel (or Google Sheets, Notion, Airtable—whatever works). Create a simple table with columns like: ID Website Name Business Type (e. G. , E-commerce, Finance, Real Estate, Kids, etc.) Year Color Scheme Main Heading Color Subheading Color Text Color Hover Color (Optional: Background, Button Color, etc.) This sheet will become your mini “color database. ” Step 3: Collect Examples Look at well-known websites and note down their colors. Over time, you’ll see clear patterns: E-commerce → Often orange + black (attention-grabbing + contrast). Example: Amazon, Daraz. Finance → Navy blue (trustworthy, professional). Example: Xero, FreshBooks. Real Estate → Green (growth, property, nature). Kids/Edutainment → Bright colors like yellow, pink, sky blue, purple. Step 4: Spot Trends With Data Once your sheet has enough entries, you can use charts or pivot tables to quickly visualize which industries lean toward which palettes. Why This Works Instead of randomly picking colors, you base your choices on real industry trends. It saves time, looks professional, and helps you present clients with data-backed design decisions—even if design isn’t your core skill.

How Backend Developers Can Choose the Right Web App Color Scheme — An Analytical Guide

Speed, Security & Tools: Frontend's Weekly Gems 🌟

This week's Frontend Weekly newsletter brings a collection of insightful reads for frontend developers seeking to enhance their skills and workflow. Delve into the latest tools and techniques to make your pages faster before they even load, and explore top tools that are essential for optimizing your workflow. If you're looking to bridge the gap between design and development, learn strategic methods to improve collaboration and workflow understanding. Ensure secure data handling with methods for sending requests when closing browser tabs. Additionally, the newsletter offers valuable resources for backend developers on choosing the right color schemes for web apps, along with top design tools for modern creators in 2024. Also included is a guide on Premiere Pro templates for YouTube creators, enhancing video production quality. Readers should also be cautious while considering the purchase of LinkedIn accounts, understanding the risks and benefits involved.

Discover how to speed up page loads, optimize your frontend workflow, and safely send requests on tab close. Explore tools bridging the designer-developer gap and ensure creative efficiency with top 2024 design tools.

This article explores the execution of the KittenTTS text-to-speech model in the browser using WebAssembly (WASM) and the ONNX framework, detailing the integration process and technologies involved.

Running AI models in the browser used to be a pipe dream. Neural networks required powerful GPUs, gigabytes of memory, and server-side processing. But what if I told you we ' re now running a complete text-to-speech AI model entirely in your browser, with no server communication whatsoever? This is the technical story of how we built our Text to Speech tool using KittenTTS, ONNX Runtime, and WebAssembly—creating a privacy-first, unlimited AI voice synthesis system that runs completely client-side. The Technical Challenge Traditional text-to-speech systems rely on server-side processing for good reason: Model size: Neural TTS models can be hundreds of megabytes Computational complexity: Voice synthesis requires intensive matrix operations Memory usage: Audio generation consumes significant RAM Browser limitations: JavaScript wasn ' t designed for heavy numerical computing Yet here we are, doing exactly that. Let ' s dive into how we solved each challenge. Architecture Overview Our browser-based TTS system consists of four main components: ┌─────────────────┐ ┌──────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ │ Text Input │───&gt; │ Text Cleaner │───&gt; │ Phonemizer │ └─────────────────┘ └──────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ │ ┌─────────────────┐ ┌──────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ │ Audio Output │&lt; ───│ KittenTTS ONNX │&lt; ───│ Token Converter │ └─────────────────┘ └──────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ Each component runs entirely in the browser, with no external dependencies once loaded. KittenTTS: The Neural Voice Engine At the heart of our system is KittenTTS, a neural text-to-speech model that balances quality with efficiency. Unlike massive models like Tacotron 2 or FastSpeech, KittenTTS is designed to be lightweight while still producing natural-sounding speech. Model Architecture KittenTTS uses a transformer-based architecture with: Text encoder: Converts phonemes to hidden representations Style embeddings: Define voice characteristics (8 distinct voices) Decoder: Generates mel-spectrograms from text representations Vocoder: Converts spectrograms to raw audio waveforms The entire pipeline from text to audio happens in a single ONNX model file, making it perfect for browser deployment. ONNX Runtime Web: Bringing ML to Browsers ONNX (Open Neural Network Exchange) Runtime is Microsoft ' s cross-platform ML inference engine. The Web version brings near-native performance to browsers through WebAssembly. Why ONNX Runtime? // Initialize ONNX Runtime with WebAssembly backend const sessionOptions = { executionProviders: [ ' wasm ' ], graphOptimizationLevel: ' disabled ' , enableCpuMemArena: false, enableMemPattern: false, logSeverityLevel: 3 }; this. Model = await InferenceSession. Create(modelBuffer, sessionOptions); ONNX Runtime Web offers several advantages: Performance: WebAssembly execution is 10-20x faster than pure JavaScript Memory efficiency: Optimized tensor operations minimize memory allocation Cross-platform: Works consistently across all modern browsers GPU acceleration: Can leverage WebGL when available Loading the Model One of our biggest challenges was loading a 25MB ONNX model efficiently in the browser: async load(): Promise&lt; void&gt; { // Check IndexedDB cache first let modelBuffer = await this. LoadModelFromCache(); if (! ModelBuffer) { // Load from embedded assets or fetch if (this. Config. UseEmbeddedAssets &amp; &amp; hasEmbeddedAssets()) { modelBuffer = getEmbeddedModel(); } else { const response = await fetch(this. Config. ModelPath); modelBuffer = await response. ArrayBuffer(); } // Cache for future sessions await this. SaveModelToCache(modelBuffer); } this. Model = await InferenceSession. Create(new Uint8Array(modelBuffer)); } This approach provides progressive loading: first-time users download the model, while returning users load instantly from IndexedDB. WebAssembly: JavaScript ' s Numerical Computing Engine WebAssembly (WASM) is the secret sauce that makes browser-based AI possible. It provides near-native performance for computationally intensive operations. WASM Configuration configureWasmPaths(wasmPaths: Record&lt; string, string&gt;) { (env. Wasm as any). WasmPaths = wasmPaths; // Optimize for browser environment env. Wasm. NumThreads = 1; // Single-threaded for compatibility env. Wasm. Simd = true; // Enable SIMD if available env. LogLevel = ' warning ' ; } Key WASM optimizations: Single-threaded execution: Avoids SharedArrayBuffer requirements SIMD support: Vectorized operations when browser supports it Memory management: Efficient allocation for tensor operations Performance Characteristics Our benchmarks show impressive performance across different browsers: Browser First Load Cached Load Generation (100 chars) Chrome 120+ 8-12 seconds 2-3 seconds 3-5 seconds Firefox 119+ 10-15 seconds 3-4 seconds 4-6 seconds Safari 17+ 12-18 seconds 4-5 seconds 5-7 seconds Text Processing Pipeline Converting text to audio requires several preprocessing steps that we ' ve optimized for browser execution. Text Cleaning and Normalization export function cleanTextForTTS(text: string): string { // Remove emojis using Unicode ranges const emojiRegex = /[\u{1F600}-\u{1F64F}]|[\u{1F300}-\u{1F5FF}]/gu; return text. Replace(emojiRegex, ' '). Replace(/\b\/\b/, ' slash ' ). Replace(/[\/\\()¯]/g, ' '). Replace(/[ " " " ]/g, ' '). Replace(/\s—/g, ' . ' ). Replace(/[^\u0000-\u024F]/g, ' ') // Keep only Latin characters. Trim(); } Phonemization Converting text to phonemes is crucial for natural speech. We use the phonemizer. Js library: // Convert text to phonemes const phonemesList = await phonemize(text, ' en-us ' ); const phonemes = phonemesList. Join( ' '); // Add boundary markers const tokensWithBoundaries = `${phonemes}`; // Convert to token IDs const tokens = this. TextCleaner. Call(tokensWithBoundaries); tokens. Unshift(0); // Add start token tokens. Push(0); // Add end token Token Encoding Our TextCleaner converts phonemes to numerical tokens that the neural network understands: export class TextCleaner { private wordIndexDictionary: Record&lt; string, number&gt; ; constructor() { const _pad = " $ " ; const _punctuation = ' ; : , . ! ? ¡¿—… " «» " " ' ; const _letters = ' ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ' ; const _letters_ipa = " ɑɐɒæɓʙβɔɕçɗɖðʤəɘɚɛɜɝɞɟʄɡɠɢʛɦɧħɥʜɨɪʝɭɬɫɮʟɱɯɰŋɳɲɴøɵɸθœɶʘɹɺɾɻʀʁɽʂʃʈʧʉʊʋⱱʌɣɤʍχʎʏʑʐʒʔʡʕʢǀǁǂǃˈˌːˑʼʴʰʱʲʷˠˤ˞↓↑→↗↘ ' ̩ ' ᵻ " ; const symbols = [_pad, . . . Array. From(_punctuation), . . . Array. From(_letters), . . . Array. From(_letters_ipa)]; this. WordIndexDictionary = {}; for (let i = 0; i &lt; symbols. Length; i++) { this. WordIndexDictionary[symbols[i]] = i; } } call(text: string): number[] { const indexes: number[] = []; for (const char of text) { if (this. WordIndexDictionary[char]! == undefined) { indexes. Push(this. WordIndexDictionary[char]); } } return indexes; } } Neural Network Inference The actual voice synthesis happens through ONNX model inference with carefully prepared inputs. Model Input Preparation private async prepareInputs(text: string, options: GenerateOptions) { const { voice = ' expr-voice-2-m ' , speed = 1. 0 } = options; // Get phonemes and convert to tokens const phonemes = await phonemize(text, ' en-us ' ); const tokens = this. TextCleaner. Call(phonemes. Join( ' ')); // Add start/end tokens tokens. Unshift(0); tokens. Push(0); const tokenIds = new BigInt64Array(tokens. Map(id =&gt; BigInt(id))); const voiceEmbedding = this. Voices[voice]; return { ' input_ids ' : new Tensor( ' int64 ' , tokenIds, [1, tokenIds. Length]), ' style ' : new Tensor( ' float32 ' , voiceEmbedding, [1, voiceEmbedding. Length]), ' speed ' : new Tensor( ' float32 ' , new Float32Array([speed]), [1]) }; } Running Inference async generateSingle(text: string, options: GenerateOptions) { const inputs = await this. PrepareInputs(text, options); // Run neural network inference const results = await this. Model! . Run(inputs); // Extract audio tensor (usually the largest output) let audioTensor = null; for (const [name, tensor] of Object. Entries(results)) { if (! AudioTensor || tensor. Size &gt; audioTensor. Size) { audioTensor = tensor; } } // Convert to Float32Array and post-process const audioData = new Float32Array(audioTensor. Data); return this. PostProcessAudio(audioData); } Audio Post-Processing Raw neural network output requires several post-processing steps to create clean, playable audio. Cleaning and Normalization private postProcessAudio(audioData: Float32Array): Float32Array { // Clean NaN values for (let i = 0; i &lt; audioData. Length; i++) { if (isNaN(audioData[i])) { audioData[i] = 0; } } // Trim silence let startIdx = 0, endIdx = audioData. Length - 1; const threshold = 0. 001; for (let i = 0; i &lt; audioData. Length; i++) { if (Math. Abs(audioData[i]) &gt; threshold) { startIdx = i; break; } } for (let i = audioData. Length - 1; i &gt; = 0; i--) { if (Math. Abs(audioData[i]) &gt; threshold) { endIdx = i; break; } } const trimmedAudio = audioData. Slice(startIdx, endIdx + 1); // Normalize volume let maxAmplitude = 0; for (const sample of trimmedAudio) { maxAmplitude = Math. Max(maxAmplitude, Math. Abs(sample)); } if (maxAmplitude &gt; 0) { const normalizationFactor = 0. 8 / maxAmplitude; for (let i = 0; i &lt; trimmedAudio. Length; i++) { trimmedAudio[i] *= normalizationFactor; } } return trimmedAudio; } Memory Management and Optimization Running large neural networks in browsers requires careful memory management. Chunked Processing For long texts, we automatically split content into manageable chunks: export function chunkText(text: string): string[] { const MAX_CHUNK_LENGTH = 500; const sentences = text. Split(/(? &lt; =[. ! ?])(? =\s+[A-Z]|$)/); const chunks = []; let currentChunk = ' '; for (const sentence of sentences) { const potentialChunk = currentChunk + (currentChunk? ' ': ' ') + sentence. Trim(); if (potentialChunk. Length &gt; MAX_CHUNK_LENGTH) { if (currentChunk) chunks. Push(currentChunk); currentChunk = sentence. Trim(); } else { currentChunk = potentialChunk; } } if (currentChunk) chunks. Push(currentChunk); return chunks; } IndexedDB Caching We implement a sophisticated caching system using IndexedDB: class ModelCache { async set(key: string, data: ArrayBuffer): Promise&lt; void&gt; { const db = await this. Init(); return new Promise((resolve, reject) =&gt; { const transaction = db. Transaction([this. StoreName], ' readwrite ' ); const store = transaction. ObjectStore(this. StoreName); const request = store. Put({ key, data, timestamp: Date. Now() }); request. Onsuccess = () =&gt; resolve(); request. Onerror = () =&gt; reject(request. Error); }); } async get(key: string): Promise&lt; ArrayBuffer | null&gt; { const db = await this. Init(); return new Promise((resolve) =&gt; { const transaction = db. Transaction([this. StoreName], ' readonly ' ); const store = transaction. ObjectStore(this. StoreName); const request = store. Get(key); request. Onsuccess = () =&gt; { const result = request. Result; if (result &amp; &amp; Date. Now() - result. Timestamp &lt; 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000) { resolve(result. Data); } else { resolve(null); } }; }); } } Audio Format Conversion Converting Float32Array audio data to playable WAV format happens entirely in JavaScript: export function createWavBlob(audioData: Float32Array, sampleRate: number): Blob { const buffer = new ArrayBuffer(44 + audioData. Length * 2); const view = new DataView(buffer); // Write WAV header const writeString = (offset: number, string: string) =&gt; { for (let i = 0; i &lt; string. Length; i++) { view. SetUint8(offset + i, string. CharCodeAt(i)); } }; writeString(0, ' RIFF ' ); view. SetUint32(4, 36 + audioData. Length * 2, true); writeString(8, ' WAVE ' ); writeString(12, ' fmt ' ); view. SetUint32(16, 16, true); view. SetUint16(20, 1, true); view. SetUint16(22, 1, true); view. SetUint32(24, sampleRate, true); view. SetUint32(28, sampleRate * 2, true); view. SetUint16(32, 2, true); view. SetUint16(34, 16, true); writeString(36, ' data ' ); view. SetUint32(40, audioData. Length * 2, true); // Convert float to 16-bit PCM let offset = 44; for (let i = 0; i &lt; audioData. Length; i++) { const sample = Math. Max(-1, Math. Min(1, audioData[i])); view. SetInt16(offset, sample &lt; 0? Sample * 0x8000: sample * 0x7FFF, true); offset += 2; } return new Blob([buffer], { type: ' audio/wav ' }); } Performance Optimizations Progressive Loading We ' ve implemented several strategies to improve perceived performance: Embedded assets: Critical model files bundled with the application IndexedDB caching: Models persist across browser sessions Lazy initialization: ONNX Runtime loads only when needed Background processing: Model loading doesn ' t block the UI Browser Compatibility Our implementation gracefully handles different browser capabilities: // Try WebAssembly backend first, fallback to CPU try { this. Model = await InferenceSession. Create(modelBuffer, { executionProviders: [ ' wasm ' ], graphOptimizationLevel: ' disabled ' }); } catch (wasmError) { console. Warn( ' WebAssembly failed, using CPU backend ' ); this. Model = await InferenceSession. Create(modelBuffer, { executionProviders: [ ' cpu ' ], graphOptimizationLevel: ' basic ' }); } Security and Privacy Implications Running AI models client-side has significant privacy advantages: Zero data transmission: Text never leaves the user ' s device No server logs: No record of what users synthesize Offline capability: Works without internet after initial load No API keys: No authentication or usage tracking Content Security Policy WebAssembly requires specific CSP headers: // netlify. Toml [[headers]] for = " /* " [headers. Values] Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy = " require-corp " Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy = " same-origin " Challenges and Limitations Current Limitations Initial load time: First-time users wait 8-15 seconds for model download Memory usage: Neural networks consume 100-200MB RAM during inference Browser compatibility: Requires modern browsers with WebAssembly support Mobile performance: Slower generation on resource-constrained devices Future Optimizations Several improvements are on our roadmap: Model quantization: Reduce model size through 8-bit precision WebGL acceleration: Leverage GPU when available Streaming inference: Generate audio progressively for long texts Service Worker caching: More aggressive asset caching strategies The Bigger Picture Our KittenTTS implementation represents a broader trend toward edge AI computing. By running neural networks in browsers, we ' re enabling: Privacy-preserving AI: No data leaves the user ' s device Reduced infrastructure costs: No expensive GPU servers required Better user experience: No network latency or rate limits Democratized AI: Advanced capabilities accessible to everyone Technical Takeaways If you ' re building browser-based AI applications, here are key lessons from our implementation: ONNX Runtime Web is production-ready for neural network inference in browsers WebAssembly provides significant performance gains for numerical computing Careful memory management is crucial for large model deployment Progressive loading strategies improve perceived performance IndexedDB caching is essential for models larger than a few megabytes Try It Yourself Want to experience browser-based AI voice synthesis? Try our Text to Speech tool and see KittenTTS, ONNX Runtime, and WebAssembly working together in real-time. For developers interested in implementing similar systems, our KittenTTS JavaScript package (@quickeditvideo/kittentts) provides a clean API for browser-based neural text-to-speech synthesis. (Coming shortly) The future of AI is moving to the edge—and that includes the browser edge. Privacy-preserving, unlimited, client-side AI is not just possible, it ' s here today.

Running KittenTTS in the Browser: A Deep Dive into WASM and ONNX

Frontend Gems: Framework-Free & JavaScript Wonders

This issue of Frontend Weekly brings a diverse selection of articles that are essential for modern web development. Firstly, there's an insightful piece on 'You don't need a frontend framework,' exploring how developers can build web applications without relying on frameworks and suggesting valuable alternative approaches. Dive into 'Running KittenTTS in the Browser' to learn about integrating the KittenTTS text-to-speech model using WASM and ONNX, offering a technical deep dive into browser-based execution. For those involved in recruitment or preparing for interviews, 'My Favourite Front-End Interview Question' is a must-read, as it shares a compelling question aimed at assessing candidate's skills effectively. 'All About JavaScript Loops' provides an in-depth understanding of various loop types in JavaScript, crucial for optimizing code performance. Part of the Peasy-UI series, 'Binding Events for the DOM' covers advanced event binding techniques. Also, the 'State of CSS 2024 Results' reveals exciting trends and challenges faced by the CSS community today. Enhance your professional profile with '10 Amazing Web Developer Resume Examples,' which offers tailored advice for different web specializations. Lastly, understand how AI keeps conversations contextually relevant in 'Understanding How ChatGPT Maintains Context.' Each article in this issue provides valuable insights and practical knowledge for developers at all levels.

Explore building apps without frameworks, dive into KittenTTS in-browser with WASM/ONNX, and learn a top front-end interview question. Discover JavaScript loops, DOM event binding, CSS 2024 trends, amazing web developer resumes, and ChatGPT context maintenance in this issue of Frontend Weekly.

The article provides an overview of the latest updates and improvements to the web platform as of June 2024, focusing on new features and enhancements aimed at developers and web professionals. It covers advancements in performance, capabilities, and interoperability, designed to enhance user experiences and streamline development processes.

Discover some of the interesting features that have landed in stable and beta web browsers during June 2024.

New to the web platform in June

"Frontend Gems: Frameworks, Freebies & Fast Surveys!"

In this week's issue of Frontend Weekly, we delve into some essential topics for frontend developers, highlighting crucial tools and techniques to enhance your projects. Our lead article provides a comprehensive analysis of React and Vue, helping you decide which framework best fits your project's needs based on features, performance, and versatility. We also explore the best websites to source free Bootstrap templates, offering developers high-quality design solutions at no cost. For those looking to integrate surveys smoothly, learn about building fast, responsive surveys with Next.js and SurveyJS. Additionally, discover open-source, free alert components with Tailwind CSS, perfect for enhancing web app UI. Stay updated with the latest web platform improvements as of June 2024, and boost your UI design with creative components using React Bits. We also cover the finer points of CSS attribute selectors and offer useful UX writing tips for non-UX writers to refine their microcopy skills. Dive into this issue and elevate your frontend development skills with these insightful reads.

This week in Frontend Weekly: Explore React vs. Vue frameworks, top free Bootstrap template sites, and building fast surveys with Next.js. Discover Tailwind CSS alerts, new web platform updates, and UX writing tips. Enhance your frontend skills with these key insights!

The article delves into the concept of portals in web development, exploring its potential use cases, benefits, and how polyfills can be employed to bridge compatibility gaps with browsers that do not yet support this feature.

Maggie Appleton calls  Programming Portals : Small, scoped areas within a graphical interface that allow users to read and write simple programmes brb updating all the marketing copy around here. I like how casually Brad Frost describes essentially all of web design. It all boils down to stuff and layout: The bulk of a design system’s []

Chris’ Corner: Portals, Pages, Potential Polyfills, and the Pretty Reasonable

This week's Frontend Weekly newsletter brings a rich collection of resources and insights for frontend developers. Discover '10 Websites for Free Next.js Templates' to streamline your web projects and boost efficiency. Uncover 'Awesome JavaScript Frameworks that make workflow simple and easy,' providing crucial recommendations for enhancing your development processes. Learn how to implement 'Creating Fluid Typography with the CSS clamp() Function' for adaptable web design across different devices. Delve into 'Chris’ Corner: Portals, Pages, Potential Polyfills, and the Pretty Reasonable' to explore the concept of portals in web development and their potential use cases. The 'GenAI: How to Reduce Cost with Prompt Compression Techniques' article offers strategies to optimize generative AI applications through improved efficiency. Additionally, enhance your software projects with guidance from 'Avoid problems with Feature Flags' by learning best practices for effective feature flag management. Lastly, '4 Reasons Why You Should Join A Freelancing Community' explains how joining such communities can foster professional growth and expand networking opportunities.

Explore free Next.js templates, JavaScript frameworks for improved workflows, and learn about fluid typography with CSS clamp(). Delve into web portals and reduce costs in genAI with prompt compression. Enhance software development with feature flag best practices and join freelancing communities for career growth.

This article reviews the nine best AI plugins for WordPress in 2023, highlighting their features, benefits, and use cases for enhancing website functionality.

We’ll introduce you to the top 9 best WordPress AI plugins of 2023, and explore the benefits they offer for various aspects of your website. Continue reading Top 9 Best WordPress AI Plugins of 2023 on SitePoint.

Top 9 Best WordPress AI Plugins of 2023

Boost React & Explore Web Trends in Frontend Weekly!

This edition of Frontend Weekly delves into a variety of topics for web developers and designers. It highlights 'Supercharge Your React Applications: 7 Best Practices and Techniques' with actionable tips for boosting React performance. Dive into 'The Wax and the Wane of the Web' to comprehend the shifting dynamics of the internet and its impact on digital design. 'Streamline Your React Development' offers a guide for visualizing component insights in VS Code, enhancing workflow efficiency. For WordPress enthusiasts, 'Top 9 Best WordPress AI Plugins of 2023' reviews the best plugins available, while 'Chris’ Corner: Type' and 'Good & Useful Ideas' provide expert advice on typography and creative coding on CodePen. Additionally, discover the personal showcase 'Checkout my Portfolio' and expand your TypeScript knowledge with 'Generic Types en TypeScript', focusing on reusable and adaptable code.

This Frontend Weekly issue covers optimizing React with top techniques, exploring web design evolution, enhancing VS Code for React, reviewing top WordPress AI plugins, and expert design tips in Chris’ Corner. Plus, learn about TypeScript generic types and check out a developer's portfolio showcase.

I'm creating this article for a newsletter, give me a 2 sentence summary of the article.  Make it factual and professional.  Do not mention the article title or source, just the summary of the article.

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